Amateur Radio General Element 3 (2007)

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General: Element 3, effective July 1, 2007

This is a summary of the Amateur General Exam question pool, from the ARRL question pool page. This is meant as a study guide, describing and linking to more complete information than what is in the question pool itself. The goal here is to explain the material, summarize (and link to) original sources, or link to existing online material. When you find questions you don't understand, this should be a good resource for locating detailed information to study.

See also:


Note! While the outline here is complete, the content is not. Sections are being done one at a time. If you are struggling with a section, let me know, and I'll work on that next. (Or do the research and add it yourself.)

[edit] work in progress

All sections could use more links, but most at least list all the material they need to cover. The following sections are not yet complete:

  • G1D (probably ok -- just read the fcc regs directly)
  • G2
  • G3
  • G4D -- explain speech processor and S meter a bit
  • G5, G6 cover basic EE stuff, adequately covered in the ARRL handbook, but some material could be added here
  • G7B **
  • G8
  • G9 -- need reference for SWR vs. impedance
  • G9C needs more links

Contents


[edit] G0: ELECTRICAL AND RF SAFETY

[edit] G0A: RF safety principles, rules and guidelines; routine station evaluation

(15 questions)

FCC parts: 97.13(c)(1)

Topics covered:

[edit] G0B: Safety in the ham shack: electrical shock and treatment, grounding, fusing, interlocks, wiring, antenna and tower safety

(14 questions)

  • fuses in 240-VAC wiring
  • wire gauge (AWG)
  • Ground Fault Circuit Interruptors (GFCI)
  • station grounding
  • tower climbing saftey
  • tower grounding, lightning saftey
  • lead tin solder issues
  • electrical hazard levels

[edit] G1: COMMISSION'S RULES

[edit] G1A: General class control operator frequency privileges; primary and secondary allocations

(16 questions)

FCC parts: 97.301-303, 97.305

Topics covered:

[edit] G1B: Antenna structure limitations; good engineering and good amateur practice; beacon operation; restricted operation; retransmitting radio signals

(13 questions)

FCC parts: 97.1, 97.15(a), 97.101(a), 97.113, 97.121, 97.203, 97.207(f)

Topics covered: (almost all by above fcc regs--need to match them up)

  • antenna structure limits 97.1
  • beacon operation 97.203, 97.1(a)
  • disaster operation
  • Allowed and prohibited communications 97.113
    • list of inappropriate material for transmission in 97.113(a)(4)
    • retransmission of music prohibited except from manned space vehicles 97.113(e))
    • communications you get paid for is prohibited except for
      • sale or trade of amateur equipment not on a regular basis 97.113(a)(3)
      • teachers teaching amateur radio as part of classroom instruction 97.113(c)
      • emergency workers during an emergency (reference? FCC clarification Dec 2006)
    • codes and abbreviations
      • secret codes can only be used as telecommand to a satellite or space station 97.207(f)
      • any other codes used must be published (i.e., not secret) (this may be an assumed adaptation of 97.309(a)(4))
      • any other codes used may not be used to obscure the meaning (mentioned multiple times)
    • broadcasting to general public prohibited except during emergencies when other means are not available 97.113(a)(5) 97.113(b)
  • If interferance is caused to properly working equipment, amateur activity can be time restricted 97.121

[edit] G1C: Transmitter power regulations; HF data emission standards

(13 questions)

FCC parts: 97.303(s) 97.305(c), 97.313, 97.307(f)

Topics covered:

  • power restrictions 97.313
    • 1500w most bands for General and Extra
    • 200w 10.10-10.15mhz (30m) and on all bands for Novice, Technician
    • novice further restricted on some bands
    • 70cm restricted to 50w in some geographic areas (including Florida) with some exceptions
    • 33cm restricted to 50w near White Sands Missile Range
    • 219-220mhz restricted to 50w (special use band for pre-approved automatic relay stations)
    • multiple narrow band holes reserved in high Ghz frequencies
    • 60m band is limited to 50W and limited to 2.8khz bandwidth USB on 5 channels 97.303(s)
  • symbol rate restrictions for digital modes 97.307(f)
  • digital bandwidths allowed according to band plan 97.305 and notes 97.307(f)
max symbol rate / bandwidth 307(f) bands
300 3 bands >= 12m except where no data (75m and some holes)
1200 4 10m
19.6k / 20khz 5 6m, 2m
56k / 100khz 6 part of 1.25m; 70cm
unspecified (309b) 7 900mhz and above (33cm)
unspecified / 100khz 13 219-220 (1.25m)

[edit] G1D: Volunteer Examiners and Volunteer Examiner Coordinators; temporary identification

(13 questions)

FCC parts: 97.119(f)(2) 97.3(a)(15) 97.9(b) 97.509

Topics covered:

  • Identifying properly as general before your upgrade shows in the database 97.119(f)(2)
    • call + "/AG" for CW
    • call + "temporary AG" for phone
  • regulations involving preparing and administring exams (VE/VEC) 97 subsection F

[edit] G1E: Control categories; repeater regulations; harmful interference; third party rules; ITU regions

(10 questions)

FCC parts: 97.3(a)(39), 97.13(b), 97.115 97.117 97.119(b)(2), 97.205, 97.311(b), 97.303

Topics covered:

  • Third party communications 97.115
  • repeater operations 97.205 and definition 97.3(a)(39)
  • harmful interference
    • within one mile of an FCC monitoring station 97.13(b)
    • with spread spectrum 97.311(b)
    • with frequency sharing rules 97.303 (primary / secondary, etc.)
  • Station identification 97.119

[edit] G2: OPERATING PROCEDURES

[edit] G2A: Phone operating procedures; USB/LSB utilization conventions; procedural signals; breaking into a QSO in progress; VOX operation

(13 questions)

  • single sideband operation
    • when to use USB / LSB
    • advantages of SSB
  • VOX
  • breaking into a conversation with your call sign
  • CQ DX -- looking for long distance contact

[edit] G2B: Operating courtesy; band plans

(13 questions)

  • net procedures
  • courtesy and frequency use
  • band plan
    • separation for different modes: CW SSB RTTY
    • DX window
  • mode specific operations
    • SSTV
    • RTTY
    • PSK

[edit] G2C: Emergencies, including drills and emergency communications

(12 questions)

FCC parts: 97.111(a)(2) 97.403 97.405(a) 97.405(b) 97.407(a) 97.407(b)

[edit] G2D: Amateur auxiliary; minimizing Interference; HF operations

(12 questions)

FCC parts: 97.103b 97.303s

[edit] G2E: Digital operating: procedures, procedural signals and common abbreviations

(11 questions)


[edit] G2F: CW operating procedures and procedural signals, Q signals and common abbreviations; full break in

(11 questions)


[edit] G3: RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

[edit] G3A: Sunspots and solar radiation; ionospheric disturbances; propagation forecasting and indices

(19 questions)


[edit] G3B: Maximum Usable Frequency; Lowest Usable Frequency; propagation "hops"

(14 questions)


[edit] G3C: Ionospheric layers; critical angle and frequency; HF scatter; Near Vertical Incidence Sky waves

(14 questions)


[edit] G4: AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES

[edit] G4A: Two-tone Test; amplifier tuning and neutralization; DSP

(13 questions)

Topics included:

[edit] G4B: Test and monitoring equipment

(16 questions)

[edit] G4C: Interference with consumer electronics; grounding

(13 questions)

[edit] G4D: Speech processors; S meters; common connectors

(11 questions)

  • speech processor
  • S meter (signal strength in decibels)
  • RF connectors
type max freq / use size features
N 10Ghz large moisture resistant
PL-259, SO-239, UHF 150mhz large
SMA small
BNC medium quick
  • other connectors
type use features
DB-9 rs232 serial data 9 pin D
RCA Phono audio slide on
  • keyed connectors

[edit] G4E: HF mobile radio installations; emergency and battery powered operation

(13 questions)

  • alternator whine
  • use power connectors rated for the radio's power draw
  • moble HF is limited due to antenna size complications
  • generators (safety articles: [4] [5])
    • needs be well ventilated to prevent carbon monoxide posioning
    • should not be directly connected to house wiring -- use TR switch to take it off grid
    • ground properly
  • lead acid batteries can out gas hydrogen when charged by most chargers
  • solar cells / photovoltaic cells
    • 0.5v each typically
    • made from doped silicon

[edit] G5: ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

The first several chapters of the ARRL handbook has a pretty good tutorial on basic electronics that covers everything in this section.

[edit] G5A: Resistance; reactance; inductance; capacitance; impedance; impedance matching

(14 questions)

Topics:

[edit] G5B: The Decibel; current and voltage dividers; electrical power calculations; sine wave root-mean-square (RMS) values; PEP calculations

(15 questions)

  • decibel
  • current in a parallel circuit (current divider)
  • power, watts: P = V * I
  • ohm's law: V = I * R
  • transformer
  • AC (math)
    • peak to peak voltage
    • RMS voltage
    • average power
    • Peak envelope power (PEP)
  • parallel and series combination of reactances and resistances

[edit] G5C: Resistors, capacitors, and inductors in series and parallel; transformers

(16 questions)

[edit] G6: CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

[edit] G6A: Resistors; capacitors; inductors

(13 questions)


[edit] G6B: Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar cells; vacuum tubes; batteries

(16 questions)


[edit] G6C: Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC's); microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microwave IC's (MMIC's ); display devices

(12 questions)


[edit] G7: PRACTICAL CIRCUITS

[edit] G7A: Power supplies; transmitters and receivers; filters, schematic drawing symbols

(24 questions)

Topics:

[edit] G7B: Digital circuits (gates, flip-flops, shift registers); amplifiers and oscillators

(14 questions)

[edit] G8: SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS

[edit] G8A: Carriers and modulation: AM; FM; single and double sideband ; modulation envelope; deviation; overmodulation

(12 questions)


[edit] G8B: Frequency mixing; multiplication; HF data communications; bandwidths of various modes

(12 questions)


[edit] G9: ANTENNAS AND FEEDLINES

See also:

[edit] G9A: Antenna feed lines: characteristic impedance, and attenuation; SWR calculation, measurement and effects; matching networks

(14 questions)

Topics covered:

[edit] G9B: Basic antennas

(12 questions)

Antennas covered:


Antenna attributes:

  • radiation pattern (azimuth, elevation)
  • height above ground
  • feed point impedance
  • polarization (advantages, disadvantages)
  • length conversion: 245 / mhz = quarter wave length in feet
  • feed point location effects

[edit] G9C: Directional antennas

(21 questions)

Yagi tuning

  • typical gain (3 element)
  • bandwidth (larger diameter elements)
  • gain (add elements, boom length)
  • gamma match

Cubical quad:

  • square loops -- 4 sides, driven element is approx a full wave loop
  • typical gain
  • polarization (move the feed point)

Delta loop

  • same as quad, but triangular instead of square

characteristics:

  • front to back ratio
  • main lobe
  • components: reflector, driven element, directors

[edit] G9D: Specialized antennas

(12 questions)

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